202 research outputs found
Frequentist Model Averaging for Global Fr\'{e}chet Regression
To consider model uncertainty in global Fr\'{e}chet regression and improve
density response prediction, we propose a frequentist model averaging method.
The weights are chosen by minimizing a cross-validation criterion based on
Wasserstein distance. In the cases where all candidate models are misspecified,
we prove that the corresponding model averaging estimator has asymptotic
optimality, achieving the lowest possible Wasserstein distance. When there are
correctly specified candidate models, we prove that our method asymptotically
assigns all weights to the correctly specified models. Numerical results of
extensive simulations and a real data analysis on intracerebral hemorrhage data
strongly favour our method
DoubleH: Twitter User Stance Detection via Bipartite Graph Neural Networks
Given the development and abundance of social media, studying the stance of
social media users is a challenging and pressing issue. Social media users
express their stance by posting tweets and retweeting. Therefore, the
homogeneous relationship between users and the heterogeneous relationship
between users and tweets are relevant for the stance detection task. Recently,
graph neural networks (GNNs) have developed rapidly and have been applied to
social media research. In this paper, we crawl a large-scale dataset of the
2020 US presidential election and automatically label all users by manually
tagged hashtags. Subsequently, we propose a bipartite graph neural network
model, DoubleH, which aims to better utilize homogeneous and heterogeneous
information in user stance detection tasks. Specifically, we first construct a
bipartite graph based on posting and retweeting relations for two kinds of
nodes, including users and tweets. We then iteratively update the node's
representation by extracting and separately processing heterogeneous and
homogeneous information in the node's neighbors. Finally, the representations
of user nodes are used for user stance classification. Experimental results
show that DoubleH outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on popular
benchmarks. Further analysis illustrates the model's utilization of information
and demonstrates stability and efficiency at different numbers of layers
Seismic Data Strong Noise Attenuation Based on Diffusion Model and Principal Component Analysis
Seismic data noise processing is an important part of seismic exploration
data processing, and the effect of noise elimination is directly related to the
follow-up processing of data. In response to this problem, many authors have
proposed methods based on rank reduction, sparse transformation, domain
transformation, and deep learning. However, such methods are often not ideal
when faced with strong noise. Therefore, we propose to use diffusion model
theory for noise removal. The Bayesian equation is used to reverse the noise
addition process, and the noise reduction work is divided into multiple steps
to effectively deal with high-noise situations. Furthermore, we propose to
evaluate the noise level of blind Gaussian seismic data using principal
component analysis to determine the number of steps for noise reduction
processing of seismic data. We train the model on synthetic data and validate
it on field data through transfer learning. Experiments show that our proposed
method can identify most of the noise with less signal leakage. This has
positive significance for high-precision seismic exploration and future seismic
data signal processing research.Comment: 10 pages, 13 figures. This work has been submitted to the IEEE for
possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after
which this version may no longer be accessibl
Neutron Energy Spectrum Measurements with a Compact Liquid Scintillation Detector on EAST
A neutron detector based on EJ301 liquid scintillator has been employed at
EAST to measure the neutron energy spectrum for D-D fusion plasma. The detector
was carefully characterized in different quasi-monoenergetic neutron fields
generated by a 4.5 MV Van de Graaff accelerator. In recent experimental
campaigns, due to the low neutron yield at EAST, a new shielding device was
designed and located as close as possible to the tokamak to enhance the count
rate of the spectrometer. The fluence of neutrons and gamma-rays was measured
with the liquid neutron spectrometer and was consistent with 3He proportional
counter and NaI (Tl) gamma-ray spectrometer measurements. Plasma ion
temperature values were deduced from the neutron spectrum in discharges with
lower hybrid wave injection and ion cyclotron resonance heating. Scattered
neutron spectra were simulated by the Monte Carlo transport Code, and they were
well verified by the pulse height measurements at low energies.Comment: 19 pages,10 figures, 1 tabl
Fair Causal Feature Selection
Causal feature selection has recently received increasing attention in
machine learning. Existing causal feature selection algorithms select unique
causal features of a class variable as the optimal feature subset. However, a
class variable usually has multiple states, and it is unfair to select the same
causal features for different states of a class variable. To address this
problem, we employ the class-specific mutual information to evaluate the causal
information carried by each state of the class attribute, and theoretically
analyze the unique relationship between each state and the causal features.
Based on this, a Fair Causal Feature Selection algorithm (FairCFS) is proposed
to fairly identifies the causal features for each state of the class variable.
Specifically, FairCFS uses the pairwise comparisons of class-specific mutual
information and the size of class-specific mutual information values from the
perspective of each state, and follows a divide-and-conquer framework to find
causal features. The correctness and application condition of FairCFS are
theoretically proved, and extensive experiments are conducted to demonstrate
the efficiency and superiority of FairCFS compared to the state-of-the-art
approaches
Quantum sensing of paramagnetic spins in liquids with spin qubits in hexagonal boron nitride
Paramagnetic ions and radicals play essential roles in biology and medicine,
but detecting these species requires a highly sensitive and ambient-operable
sensor. Optically addressable spin color centers in 3D semiconductors have been
used for detecting paramagnetic spins as they are sensitive to the spin
magnetic noise. However, the distance between spin color centers and target
spins is limited due to the difficulty of creating high-quality spin defects
near the surface of 3D materials. Here, we show that spin qubits in hexagonal
boron nitride (hBN), a layered van der Waals (vdW) material, can serve as a
promising sensor for nanoscale detection of paramagnetic spins in liquids. We
first create shallow spin defects in close proximity to the hBN surface, which
sustain high-contrast optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) in liquids.
Then we demonstrate sensing spin noise of paramagnetic ions in water based on
spin relaxation measurements. Finally, we show that paramagnetic ions can
reduce the contrast of spin-dependent fluorescence, enabling efficient
detection by continuous wave ODMR. Our results demonstrate the potential of
ultrathin hBN quantum sensors for chemical and biological applications.Comment: 4 figure
Nanotube spin defects for omnidirectional magnetic field sensing
Optically addressable spin defects in three-dimensional (3D) crystals and
two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials are revolutionizing
nanoscale quantum sensing. Spin defects in one-dimensional (1D) vdW nanotubes
will provide unique opportunities due to their small sizes in two dimensions
and absence of dangling bonds on side walls. However, optically detected
magnetic resonance of localized spin defects in a nanotube has not been
observed. Here, we report the observation of single spin color centers in boron
nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) at room temperature. Our findings suggest that these
BNNT spin defects possess a spin ground state without an intrinsic
quantization axis, leading to orientation-independent magnetic field sensing.
We harness this unique feature to observe anisotropic magnetization of a 2D
magnet in magnetic fields along orthogonal directions, a challenge for
conventional spin defects such as diamond nitrogen-vacancy centers.
Additionally, we develop a method to deterministically transfer a BNNT onto a
cantilever and use it to demonstrate scanning probe magnetometry. Further
refinement of our approach will enable atomic scale quantum sensing of magnetic
fields in any direction.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure
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